With the development and application of radar detection systems, stealth technology has received attention. The rapid development of modern radio technology and radar detection systems has greatly improved the ability of aircraft detection systems to search and track targets.
The threat to traditional combat weapon systems is becoming increasingly severe, and stealth technology, as an effective means to improve the survival, breakthrough, and especially deep strike capabilities of weapon systems, has become a hot topic for military powers to compete for high-tech military equipment. The use of stealth material technology is currently the most effective and feasible radar stealth method. The exact meaning of stealth technology is low observable technology, which is divided into radar stealth, infrared stealth, acoustic stealth, and visible light stealth technologies.
The research and application of radar stealth technology have always been highly valued by countries around the world. Radar stealth technology can reduce the signal characteristics of large weapons and equipment such as aircraft, tanks, missiles, and ships. Its main purpose is to reduce the radar cross section (RCS), and the main methods for achieving target stealth include external stealth and material stealth technology. The external stealth technology is difficult, costly, and prone to degrade the structural performance of the target, while the use of stealth material technology is relatively simple and has low design difficulty.
As is well known, external stealth is the main means of reducing RCS on the US F-117A stealth fighter. However, practice has proven that excessive emphasis on external stealth will inevitably reduce the maneuverability and agility of aircraft. In the exterior design of the F-22, a compromise solution combining exterior stealth and material stealth was adopted. Exterior stealth is no longer prominent, and the application of material stealth has been strengthened. This indicates that the role of absorbing materials in modern stealth technology will be more significant.
For example, the engine nozzles, wing edges, and conical caps of high-speed stealth fighter jets will face tests of high temperature oxidation and repeated impacts of high and low temperatures. Warships have been serving in the ocean for a long time, and their hull shell materials are prone to corrosion in humid, salt spray, and high acidity/alkalinity marine environments. New absorbing materials should have the characteristics of light weight, strong absorption capacity, effective absorption frequency bandwidth, and stable physical and chemical properties, which can meet the long-term service requirements of weapons and equipment in different environments.
The integrated turbine disk of the aircraft engine, made of domestically produced new ceramic based composite materials, has successfully completed its first flight test verification by Xi'an University of Technology. This is also the first time that ceramic based composite rotor components have been assembled on a platform for aerial flight testing in China, marking another important breakthrough in the key technology of our aircraft engine.
This is also conducive to promoting the large-scale application of ceramic based composite components in unmanned aerial vehicles/target drones. However, to date, the application scope and cumulative assessment time of CMC SiC in China are very limited, and there is a huge gap with foreign engineering application research. At present, there is a gap of 20-30 years between the application research of CMC SiC aircraft engine components in China and developed countries, and Western countries have entered a stage of accelerated development.
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