In recent years, two-dimensional materials such as graphene, black phosphorus, and hexagonal boron nitride have attracted widespread attention in various technological fields, including electronics, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage/conversion. Most two-dimensional materials can be produced through liquid-phase exfoliation of their parent layered crystals or solution based synthesis pathways. Therefore, in the application process of two-dimensional materials, solution methods (such as printing, coating, etc.) have the advantages of simplicity, economy, and scalability. However, processing two-dimensional materials into functional inks for efficient printing or coating processes still faces numerous challenges. The low yield of the stripping process and the difficulty in producing stable high concentration two-dimensional material dispersions are the two main obstacles to functional ink formulations. The peeling process produces products with a wide particle size distribution, and the lateral dimensions of the two-dimensional material, the number of layers in each sheet, and the aspect ratio will affect the flow behavior of the prepared ink, the morphology of the film, and the final electrical properties. In addition, low concentration ink requires multiple covers for printing, which can affect printing resolution and prolong manufacturing time. Therefore, controlling the morphological parameters of two-dimensional nanosheets and their dispersion in ink is crucial for obtaining high-performance and reproducible devices.
conducting materialInk, such as graphene and its derivatives, typically requires chemical or mechanical methods for exfoliation to obtain layered graphene from graphite crystals, and can simultaneously add or modify functional groups. In order to obtain a stable graphene dispersion system, it is necessary to use surfactants, polymers, or redispersion to avoid sedimentation at high concentrations. In addition, for different solution methods such as inkjet printing, aerosol printing, scraping coating, spin coating, etc., it is necessary to regulate the rheological properties of graphene ink (wetting, viscosity, thixotropy, etc.).
Semiconductor two-dimensional materials include black phosphorus and transition metal dichalcogenides, and their synthesis/stripping techniques are related to
Graphenesimilar. However, due to the significantly higher surface energy of such materials compared to graphene, the production and storage of ink in high concentration suspensions face significant challenges. In recent years, researchers have mainly focused on methods such as sonochemical conversion, sodium cholate stabilizers, multicomponent solvent ratios, and zwitterionic dispersants, which help stabilize high concentration inks and improve the quality and electrical properties of thin films prepared by solution methods.
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