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Application of LCP material non-woven gold plating film and copper plating film in the field of 5G mobile phone antennas

Time：2022-08-03Number：1202

When it comes to the hottest material in the 5G era, it has the reputation of "super engineering plastics" LCP materialMust have a name. Why is LCP material so popular in the 5G communication era? Let's first understand this material.

LCP, also known as Liquid Crystal Polymer, is a polymer material composed of rigid molecular chains that can exhibit both liquid fluidity and anisotropic physical properties of crystals under certain physical conditions (this state is called liquid crystal state).

According to the formation conditions of liquid crystal state, liquid crystal polymers can be divided into lyotropic liquid crystal polymers (LLCP) and thermally induced liquid crystal polymers (TLCP). In addition, liquid crystals formed under external fields (such as pressure, magnetic field, electric field, and light field) are called induced liquid crystals, such as pressure-sensitive liquid crystals, photo induced liquid crystals, etc.

However, when we refer to LCP material for 5G communication, we mean TLCP, which is a new type of high-performance engineering plastic developed in the early 1980s. It belongs to aromatic thermoplastic polyester and can be processed and formed through processes such as melt spinning, injection molding, extrusion molding, and coating, with excellent molding and processing performance. According to the heat distortion temperature (HDT), TLCP can be divided into three types: Type I, Type II, and Type III

Compared to other organic Polymer materialsCompared with LCP, LCP has a unique molecular structure and thermal behavior. In the molten state, LCP molecules are arranged in a straight rod like shape. During molding, the shear stress further enhances this arrangement orientation, exhibiting excellent anisotropy. This ordered special structure gives it a self reinforcing effect, excellent mechanical properties, high strength, good dimensional stability, optical properties, electrical properties, chemical resistance, self flame retardancy, processability, and other properties. It also has good heat resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient.

Due to the high symmetry of the molecular skeleton and the limited movement of the main chain caused by the structure of the liquid crystal itself, LCP exhibits extremely low dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the high frequency range. Therefore, in the context of increasingly high performance requirements (especially dielectric performance requirements) for materials in the 5G era, LCP materials are widely used in high-speed connectors, 5G base station antenna oscillators, 5G mobile phone antennas, high-frequency circuit boards, and other fields due to their excellent performance.

1. High speed connector

The transmission speed of 5G has been greatly improved, and in order to ensure the reliability of data transmission, it is necessary to enhance the performance of high-speed connectors, thereby increasing the demand for low dielectric and low loss connector materials. LCP materials have extremely low water absorption and better dielectric stability. LCP has ultra-low warpage, high fluidity, and dimensional stability, making it suitable for application in 5G high-speed connectors.

2. Antenna oscillator

The oscillator is the most important functional component inside the antenna. For the purpose of weight reduction and cost reduction, plastic oscillators have attracted attention. The LDS process has been introduced into mass production for plastic oscillators, using LDS-LCP material. LCP material has extremely low dielectric loss, good heat and flame resistance, and extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, which gives it a significant competitive advantage in the high frequency range of 5G.

3. Mobile phone antenna

LDS-LCP material can be used not only in antenna elements, but also in the field of mobile phone antennas. It is expected that Android based smart terminals will choose 5G antenna solutions based on mature technologies such as LDS this year. LCP material has characteristics such as high flow, thin-walled forming, and dimensional stability. Its ultra-high temperature resistance can be achieved through reflow soldering process.

However, it should be noted that due to the strong molecular orientation of LCP, there are significant differences in physical properties between the orientation direction and the vertical direction. Moreover, attention must be paid to issues such as weak fusion line strength during design, as there may be obvious grooves or gaps that prevent the antenna from passing through from above, limiting the freedom of antenna design.

There are various antenna solutions for mobile phones, including LDS antenna solutions and soft board antennas. The LCP soft board antenna mentioned is actually an FPC based on LCP and carries some antenna functions. LCP antenna has the advantages of low dielectric loss, low moisture absorption, low dielectric constant, and low fluctuation of dielectric loss with frequency. At the same time, the flexible board has good flexibility and can replace coaxial cables, greatly saving mobile phone space. Apple analyst Guo Mingchi stated that Apple will release 5 new iPhones this year, with 5G version shipments reaching 80-85 million units. Apple's millimeter wave 5G iPhone requires 3 LCP soft boards, and it is expected that iPhone LCP soft board shipments will increase by 110% year-on-year this year, indicating a significant increase in LCP demand.

4. High frequency and high-speed circuit board

In the 5G era, there are very high requirements for high-frequency transmission insulation materials to ensure that the loss of signals during transmission is minimized, LCP material's outstanding high-frequency dielectric properties, dimensional stability, and heat resistance make it an ideal substrate for 5G high-frequency high-speed circuit boards. In addition to mobile phone antenna FPC, LCP based circuit boards can also be applied in fields such as 5G related communication, laptops, smart wearables, automotive millimeter wave radar, remote healthcare, and real-time transmission of high-definition wireless videos.
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Application of LCP material non-woven gold plating film and copper plating film in the field of 5G mobile phone antennas